Friday, 25 January 2013

Data And Its Types

Data:

  • Constants and Variables
  • Data used in problem solving

Constants:

  • A constant is a specific alphabetical and/or numerical value that never changes during the processing of all the instructions in the solution
  • Constants can be any type of data – numeric, alphabetical, etc.
  • In many programming languages and applications constants can be named
  • In this case, the constant is given a location in memory and a name
  • Once the constant is given a value, it cannot be changed during the execution of the program, e.g., the value of PI.
  • The only way to change the value of a constant is to change the program.
  • Many name conventions stipulate that named constants be given names containing ALL CAPITAL LETTERS in order to easily distinguish them from variables.

Variables:
  • The value of a variable may change during processing
  • In many languages variables are called identifiers since the name identifies what the value represents
  • The programmer uses variable name as a reference name for a specific value of the variable
  • The computer sets up a specific memory location to hold the value of each variable name found in the program
  • The variable name should be consistent with what the value of the variable represents.

Rules for naming the variables:
  • Name the variable according to what it represents
  • Do not use spaces in the variable names
  • Start a variable name with a letter
  • Do not use hyphens or special symbols except underscore
  • Be consistent when using upper and lowercase letters
  • Use the exact variable name when referencing that variable in any part of the program
  • Use the exact variable name when referencing that variable in any part of the program
  • Use the naming conventions specified by the organization where you work, e.g. all uppercase letters for constants and first uppercase letter for every word used in variable name.

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